Qué documentos y pruebas piden actualmente para ingresar a Estados Unidos

Actualmente, los documentos y pruebas que se piden para ingresar a Estados Unidos son los ya conocidos, como la ESPN recuerda que otros jugadores también sufrieron incidentes similares en las Grandes Ligas. En 2000, Ryan Zimmerman perdió un rodado en su camiseta. Antes de eso, Jason Michaels dejó a Jeff Bennett con la camisa rota tras un lanzamiento. Mientras que, en 1992, Daryl Boston fue golpeado por una pelota que terminó dentro de su camiseta, lo que significó la carrera ganadora.","type":"text"},{"content":"Botones: una elección con fallas estructurales","type":"header"},{"content":"El formato abotonado de las camisetas de béisbol presenta varios problemas funcionales, según escribió Paul Lukas en ESPN por el año 2008:","type":"text"},{"type":"list"},{"content":"Sin embargo, esos no son los únicos problemas. La columna destaca que las camisetas abotonadas son más formales que funcionales, y que partir la insignia de un equipo en dos mitades genera errores visuales o fallas de diseño. ","type":"text"},{"content":"Sin embargo, a pesar de estas limitaciones, los botones siguen siendo el estándar actual en las Grandes Ligas. No solo por tradición, sino también porque otros modelos que se intentaron no lograron imponerse a lo largo de las décadas.","type":"text"},{"type":"image"},{"content":"Otros intentos de formato: de cordones a cremalleras","type":"header"},{"content":"En sus inicios, las camisetas tenían cordones que se extendían desde el cuello o hasta toda la parte frontal. Este diseño dificultaba que una pelota se colara, pero resultaba incómodo para los jugadores.","type":"text"},{"content":"Después, aparecieron los modelos Henley, que solo tenían tres o cuatro botones en la parte superior. Luego llegaron las cremalleras, que vivieron su auge entre fines de los 30 y principios de los 40. Para 1941, la mitad de los equipos de la MLB usaban este sistema.","type":"text"},{"content":"Más adelante, los suéteres de poliéster se impusieron en los años 70. Aunque eran más prácticos, nunca se percibieron como “uniformes de béisbol” auténticos. Además, se asociaron a malas decisiones estéticas. Para 1992, solo los Reds seguían usando ese formato.","type":"text"},{"content":"El velcro y los pequeños detalles que nadie ve","type":"header"},{"content":"Hoy, el cierre de velcro complementa a muchos uniformes. Su función es evitar abultamientos entre el segundo y el tercer botón, una zona crítica por la presencia de las letras del equipo. El sistema se denomina “botón pro” y se incorporó para que la insignia no se vea mal alineada.","type":"text"},{"content":"Además del velcro, también existen broches ocultos, botones de colores o de dos agujeros, y ojales dispuestos en diferentes orientaciones. Algunas camisetas incluso presentaban mangas abotonadas desmontables.","type":"text"},{"type":"image"},{"content":"Los fabricantes no siempre suelen dar detalles del funcionamiento y los secretos de los uniformes más allá de lo que se encuentra a simple vista. Desde 2020, ante cualquier problema, la empresa responsable es Nike, quien se convirtió en el proveedor oficial de uniformes de la MLB hasta 2029. ","type":"text"},{"content":"Incluso ya cuenta con reclamos por parte de los jugadores, aunque no en relación con los botones, según MLB.com. Sin embargo, Casos como los de Vizquel o Boston reflejan que el diseño no es un tema menor. 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